utsi wa njoka

Ululu wa njoka ndi madzi omwe amatulutsidwa ndi njoka zaululu kuchokera ku tiziwalo timene timatulutsa utsi.Chigawo chake chachikulu ndi mapuloteni oopsa, omwe amawerengera 90% mpaka 95% ya kulemera kowuma.Pali mitundu pafupifupi 20 ya michere ndi poizoni.Kuphatikiza apo, ilinso ndi ma peptide ang'onoang'ono a molekyulu, ma amino acid, chakudya, lipids, ma nucleosides, ma biological amines ndi ayoni achitsulo.The zikuchokera njoka njoka ndi zovuta kwambiri, ndi kawopsedwe, pharmacology ndi toxicological zotsatira zosiyanasiyana njoka njoka ndi makhalidwe awo.Pakati pawo, poizoni amasonyezedwa motere: 1. Poizoni wamagazi: (kuphatikizapo utsi wa njoka, agkistrodon acutus venom, caltrodon venom, utsi wa njoka wobiriwira) 2. Neurotoxins: (utsi wa njoka wa m'maso, ululu wa njoka ya mphete ya golide, ululu wa njoka ya mphete ya siliva , utsi wa njoka, utsi wa njoka) 3 Zosakaniza: (Agkistrodon halys venom, Ophiodon halys venom) ① Anti-cancer effect ya utsi wa njoka: khansa ndi imodzi mwa matenda akuluakulu atatu omwe amaika pangozi thanzi la munthu, ndipo palibe mankhwala othandiza kupezeka.Asayansi ochokera m'mayiko onse akutenga kafukufuku wokhudza utsi wa njoka ngati gawo latsopano lothana ndi chotchingachi.Ofesi ya Snake Venom Research ya ku China Medical University ikuyesera kupeza zosakaniza zomwe zingalepheretse kukula kwa chotupa kuchokera ku Agkistrodon halys venom wopangidwa ku Dalian, Liaoning, Mayeso ofananiza oletsa chotupa adachitika pakati pa utsi woyambirira ndi utsi wakutali wa Agkistrodon halys Pallas. .Miyezo isanu ndi inayi yosiyana ya utsi wa njoka imakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana oletsa ma sarcoma a mbewa, ndipo chiwopsezo choletsa chotupa chimafika pa 87.1%.② Anticoagulant zotsatira za njoka ya njoka: "defibrase" yotengedwa ku poizoni wa Agkistrodon halys acutus ku Yunnan, China, idadutsa chizindikiritso chaukadaulo mu 1981, ndipo idagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza milandu 333 ya vascular thrombosis, kuphatikiza milandu 242 ya cerebral thrombosis, mlingo wogwira ntchito ndi 86.4%.Mankhwala a Agkistrodon halys antacid opangidwa ndi China Medical University ndi Shenyang Pharmaceutical College mogwirizana apeza zotsatira zogwira mtima zachipatala pochiza matenda a vascular occlusive.Maantacid amtundu wa njoka opangidwa ndi Snake Venom Research Office of China Medical University amatha kuchepetsa lipids m'magazi, kukulitsa mitsempha yamagazi, kuchepetsa zomwe zili m'magazi a thromboxane, kuonjezera prostacyclin, ndikupumula minofu yosalala ya mitsempha.Ndi abwino odana.③ Ponena za hemostatic zotsatira za njoka ya njoka, Japan amagwiritsa coagulant kulimbikitsa pophika otchulidwa mu njoka ntchito pachipatala opaleshoni, mankhwala mkati, nkhope, matenda achikazi ndi obstetrics ndi matenda ena hemorrhagic.Mankhwalawa amatchedwa "jekeseni wa reptilin".④ Kukonzekera kwa seramu ya antivenom: Kupanga kwa seramu ya antivenin ku China kudayamba mu 1930s.Pambuyo pa kumasulidwa, Shanghai Institute of Biological Products, mogwirizana ndi Snake Research Group ya Zhejiang Medical University, Zhejiang Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, ndi Guangzhou Medical College, yakonzekera bwino seramu ya antivenin yoyeretsedwa ya Agkistrodon halys, Agkistrodon acutus, Bungarus multicinctus, ndi Ophthalmus.⑤ Analgesic zotsatira za utsi wa njoka: Mu 1976, Yunnan Kunming Animal Research Institute idachita bwino kupanga "Ketongling" kuchokera ku utsi wa njoka, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda osiyanasiyana opweteka ndipo wapeza mphamvu yapadera yochepetsera ululu."Compound Ketongning" yopangidwa ndi Cao Yisheng yawonetsa kuthandizira bwino pochiza ululu wa mitsempha, kupweteka kwa khansa ndi kutulutsa poizoni.Chifukwa chakuti mankhwala oletsa ululu a njoka ali ndi mphamvu zambiri zochepetsera ululu ndipo sasokoneza, amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwa morphine pochiza kupweteka kwa khansa mochedwa.Ululu wa poizoni ungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonzekera seramu yapadera ya anti-venom, analgesics ndi hemostatic agents.Zotsatira zake ndi zabwino kuposa morphine ndi dolantin, ndipo sizowonjezera.Ululu wa njoka umathanso kuchiza ziwalo ndi poliyo.Zaka zaposachedwapa, utsi wa njoka wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza khansa.Chifukwa chakuti utsi wa njoka ndi mankhwala opangidwa ndi mapuloteni 34, omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri ndipo kuchuluka kwa poizoni kumatchedwa cytolysin.Ndi poizoni omwe amawononga makamaka ma cell ndi ma cell membranes.Izi zidzatulutsa zotupa zowopsa.Ngati cytolysin kuchokera ku njoka ya njoka imasiyanitsidwa ndikubayidwa m'thupi la munthu kuti ifalikire thupi lonse ndi kufalikira kwa magazi kuti iphe makamaka maselo a khansa, pali chiyembekezo chachikulu chogonjetsa vuto la chithandizo cha khansa.Defibrase ya jakisoni imachokera ku poizoni wa Agkistrodon acutus ku China.Ili ndi ntchito yochepetsera fibrinogen ndi thrombolysis, ndipo ndi mankhwala apadera ochizira matenda amtima.Njira zisanu ndi zitatu zogwiritsa ntchito utsi wa njoka ndi: 1. Chithandizo cha khansa ndi anticancer, anti-chotupa;2. Kutaya magazi ndi